Which organelle is known as the powerhouse of the cell?

The mitochondrion is known as the powerhouse of the cell because it is the primary site for the production of adenosine triphosphate (ATP), which is the energy currency of the cell. Through the processes of cellular respiration, specifically the Krebs cycle and oxidative phosphorylation, mitochondria convert biochemical energy from nutrients into ATP. This conversion is essential for providing the energy needed for various cellular processes, including growth, division, and maintenance.

Mitochondria have a unique double membrane structure that facilitates their role in energy production. The inner membrane is highly folded into structures called cristae, which increase the surface area available for the chemical reactions involved in ATP synthesis. In addition to energy production, mitochondria are also involved in other important functions such as regulating metabolic processes, maintaining cellular calcium levels, and initiating apoptosis (programmed cell death).

In contrast, chloroplasts are primarily involved in photosynthesis, converting solar energy into chemical energy in the form of glucose, while the cell membrane functions to protect the cell and regulate the movement of substances in and out. The Golgi apparatus is responsible for modifying, sorting, and packaging proteins and lipids for secretion or delivery to other organelles. Each of these organelles has a specific function,