What is the role of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH)?

Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) plays a critical role in the regulation of the reproductive system by signaling the release of other hormones. Specifically, GnRH is produced in the hypothalamus and stimulates the anterior pituitary gland to secrete gonadotropins, which include luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH).

The initiation of puberty is a significant function of GnRH, as it triggers the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis to begin producing these hormones, leading to the maturation of the reproductive system and the development of secondary sexual characteristics. This surge in gonadotropins during puberty sets in motion the processes that culminate in menstruation for females and spermatogenesis for males, marking the onset of fertility.

While regulating the menstrual cycle, stimulating testosterone production, and preventing menstruation are important processes involving reproductive hormones, they are more downstream effects related to the actions initiated by GnRH rather than primary roles of the hormone itself. Therefore, recognizing GnRH's fundamental role in initiating puberty emphasizes its significance in the development and functioning of the reproductive system.