What happens during hyperpolarization of a neuron?

During hyperpolarization of a neuron, the membrane potential becomes more negative than the resting membrane potential. This occurs when potassium ions move out of the neuron or when chloride ions enter, increasing the negativity inside the cell. As a result, the neuron becomes less excitable, meaning it is less likely to fire an action potential in response to incoming stimuli.

This state of hyperpolarization acts as a regulatory mechanism that ensures the neuron does not get overstimulated and allows for proper signal processing within the nervous system. In contrast, the other options describe processes that occur in different states of neuronal activity. Increased positivity or depolarization, for instance, would lead to increased excitability and potentially the generation of an action potential rather than hyperpolarization.