What effect do sex hormones have on the body?

Sex hormones play a crucial role in controlling reproductive development and function. These hormones, such as estrogen and testosterone, influence the development of primary and secondary sexual characteristics, which are vital for reproduction. For example, during puberty, increases in sex hormones lead to the development of breasts in females and increased muscle mass in males, as well as the maturation of reproductive organs like ovaries and testes.

Additionally, these hormones regulate menstrual cycles in females and spermatogenesis in males, ensuring the proper functioning of the reproductive system. They are essential for processes such as ovulation, menstruation, and sperm production. This specific influence on reproductive systems and sexual differentiation is what makes the role of sex hormones in reproductive development and function particularly significant.

While sex hormones can have secondary effects on metabolism, immune response, and homeostasis, their primary and most recognized role is centered on reproductive health and development.